Fake History Hunter

As it’s sometimes still difficult to comprehend how common (or uncommon) bathhouses were in medieval Europe, I thought it might be interesting to make a list of all the places that had a functioning public bathhouse/bathing facility in Europe between 500-1500AD with connected sources/evidence.
This list does not tell us how many bathhouses each city/town/village had during the middle ages, it gives us a snapshot of what the situation was at one specific moment, there could have been more or fewer before and after the time we have evidence for.

Qualifications for bathhouses to be included:

• There needs to be a source/reference that proves the bathhouse(s) existed.
• The bathhouse has to have been open to the general public, no baths that were part of a palace complex, monastery, priory or other religious institution as these would have been accessible to only a small group of people.
• No Jewish or Islamic baths as these were generally also not open to the general public and these groups are also not accused of rarely bathing during the middle ages.
• The bathhouse has to be situated within the current borders of what we call Europe.
• Bathhouses with wet (submersion in water) and/or dry (steam) bathing are both added.

So the bathhouses on this list are only public ones that were open to locals, tourists, time travellers, etc.
There were many private ones, baths only accessible to monks, nobles, etc.
But those are left out.
I try to mention how many bathhouses at which time were recorded.

Work in progress!

Town/city/village	Description	Source
A.
Aachen, Germany	Warm baths at Aix-la-Chapelle mentioned in 9th century report	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Baiuvariorum
Aarhus, Denmark	King Hans visited public bath, late 15th century	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Amsterdam, Netherlands	Numerous bathhouses/stews	Community, Urban Health and Environment in the Late Medieval Low Countries, by Janna Coomans
Anklam, Germany	Badstüberstraße named after bathhouse attendants	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badst%C3%BCberstra%C3%9Fe_(Rostock)
Antwerp, Belgium	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Arboga, Sweden	Bathing huts & stalls mentioned in charter, 1480	Om bad och badstugor i äldre tid, by Lizzie Carlsson
Arras, France	Bathhouse mentioned in 1434	The Secret Middle Ages, by Malcolm Jones
Assens, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Augsburg, Deutschland	Archaeology & sources confirm bathhouses	Von der Badstube zum Badekabinett, by Daniela Rösing
Avignon, France	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
B.
Baden, Germany	Public Spa	Bathing, Beauty and Christianity in the Middle Ages, by Elizabeth Archibald
Baden, Switzerland	Two public baths mentioened in 14th & 15th century	https://www.baden.ch/public/upload/assets/2278/Geschichte_Brauchtum_Stadt_Baden.pdf?fp=1683206854166
Bamberg, Germany	Bathhouse in 1203	https://freilandmuseum.de/institution/museumsaufgaben/forschen/forschungsprojekte/badhaus-aus-wendelstein
Basel, Switzerland	Several bathhouses, earliest recorded in 1033	https://altbasel.ch/dossier/badstuben_basel.html
Bath, UK	Hot springs, baths since Roman times.	Bathing, Beauty and Christianity in the Middle Ages, by Elizabeth Archibald
Bermatingen, Germany	First documented in 1419	Denkmalpflegerischer werteplan gesamtanlage Bermatingen
Besançon, France	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Biberach, Germany	Seven bathhouses	Baden und Badewesen im Mittelalter, by Susanne Arnold
Bozen, Italy	Bathhouse recorded in 1242	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Breda, Netherlands	One stew mentioned, new bathhouse mentioned as major construction project between 1492 and 1505	The Medieval Bathhouse, by Janna Coomans
Brixen, Italy	Bathhouse attendant & sons mentioned in 1218	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Bruneck, Italy	bathhouse is mentioned here in 1487	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Bruges, Belgium	15-30 bathhouses/stews	Community, Urban Health and Environment in the Late Medieval Low Countries, by Janna Coomans
Brussels, Belgium	Law about theft fom bathhouses, 1330	Het middeleeuwse openbare badhuis, by Fabiola van Dam
C.
Chur, Switzerland	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Cologne, Germany	Bathouse on site in continous use since Roman times, over 20 new ones added since 12th century.	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6mische_Therme_und_mittelalterliche_Badeh%C3%A4user_in_K%C3%B6ln
Copenhagen, Denmark	3 bathhouses mentioned from charters in 1435, 1445 and 1435	Bathhouses in Medieval Denmark Construction, distribution and use, by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
D.
Dijon, France	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
E.
Eberbach, Germany	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Enköping, Sweden	Bathhouse donated to school in knight’s will, 1406. Complaint about citizens building their own bathhouses in 1461	Om bad och badstugor i äldre tid, by Lizzie Carlsson
Epano Episkopi Siteias, Greece	Byzantine Bathhouse converted into a church after 13th century	From Town to Countryside: Middle-Byzantine Bath-Houses in Eastern Crete and Their Changing Functions by Natalia Poulou & Anastasios Tantsis
F.
Flensburg, Germany	Public bathhouse mentioned in 1295	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Frankfurt am Main, Germany	15 municipal baths around 1500	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
G.
Ghent, Belgium	40 bathhouses/stews, 15th century	Community, Urban Health and Environment in the Late Medieval Low Countries, by Janna Coomans
Girona, Spain	Public bathhouse, 12th century	https://www.historyhit.com/locations/girona-arab-baths/
Grimmen, Germany	Badstüberstraße named after bathhouse attendants	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badst%C3%BCberstra%C3%9Fe_(Rostock)
H.
Haderslev, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Hamburg, Germany	Women’s day at the bathhouses mentioned	The Medieval Bathhouse, by Janna Coomans
Halmstad, Sweden	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Helsingborg, Sweden	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Horsens, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Husum, Germany	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
I.
Innsbruck, Austria	Public baths were present here in the 14th century.	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
J.
K.
Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic	Spa settlement with bathing facilities, c. 1349	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlovy_Vary#History
Kitzbühel, Austria	A bathhouse is mentioned here around 1400	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Klausen, Italy	A bathhouse is mentioned here in 1485	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Køge, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Kufstein, Austria	A bathhouse is mentioned here in 1483	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Kulmbach, Germany	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
L.
Landskrona, Sweden	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Leipzig, Germany	Numerous bathhouses, enough to need a guild to be formed, existed since at least 1301	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badestuben_in_Leipzig
Leuven, Belgium	5-10 bathhouses/stews	Community, Urban Health and Environment in the Late Medieval Low Countries, by Janna Coomans
Lienz, Austria	A bathhouse is mentioned here in 1478	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Lille, France	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Lindholm Høje, Denmark	C. 11th century bathhouse found by archaeologists	https://tidsskrift.dk/kuml/article/view/103042
London, UK	1417 Magistrates permitted “honest” stews to stay within the city, “dishonest” were moved to Southwark	On the street and in the bathhouse: Medieval galenism in action? By Janna Coomans & Guy Geltner
Loutres, Greece	Byzantine double bathhouse complex in use after the 13th century	From Town to Countryside: Middle-Byzantine Bath-Houses in Eastern Crete and Their Changing Functions by Natalia Poulou & Anastasios Tantsis
Lucca, Italy	Complaints made about Steam-bath operator causing pollution	On the street and in the bathhouse: Medieval galenism in action? By Janna Coomans & Guy Geltner
Lund, Sweden	Public bath mentioned in 1309	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Luzern, Switzerland	Women’s day at the bathhouses mentioned	The Medieval Bathhouse, by Janna Coomans
Lyon, France	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
M.
Maastricht, Netherlands	5-10 bathhouses/stews	Community, Urban Health and Environment in the Late Medieval Low Countries, by Janna Coomans
Mâcon, France	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Mainz, Germany	4 bathhouses, 14th century	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Malmö, Sweden	Bathhouse mentioned in city accounts, 1485. Another bathhouse mentioned in 1467 in a lease.	Bathhouses in Medieval Denmark Construction, distribution and use, by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Mellrichstadt, Germany	Bathhouse outside city wall first mentioned in 1366	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badehaus_(Mellrichstadt)
Meran, Italy	Public baths were present here in the 14th century	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
N.
Næstved, Denmark	Archaeological remains & written records of bathhouse, c. 1480s	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Nakskov, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Nevers, France	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Nuremberg, Germany	12 public bathhouses	Von der Badstube zum Badekabinett, by Daniela Rösing
Nyborg, Denmark	Queen Christine visits public bath, late 15th century	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Nykøbing Falster, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
O.
Odense, Denmark	Queen Christine’s court accounts mention bathhouse managers, 1493	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
P.
Pappenheim, Germany	Bathhouse around 1500ad	https://freilandmuseum.de/institution/museumsaufgaben/forschen/forschungsprojekte/badhaus-aus-wendelstein
Paris, France	26 public baths existed in 1272	Nicolas Boileau, Le livre des métiers (Paris, 1879), pages 628–9.
Pfofeld, Germany	Bathhouse in 1214	https://freilandmuseum.de/institution/museumsaufgaben/forschen/forschungsprojekte/badhaus-aus-wendelstein
Pommelsbrunn, Germany	Opened in 1486	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badhaus_(Pommelsbrunn)
Prague, Czech Republic	Numerous bathhouses, going back to a 10th century legend and documents from 14th century	https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/105214?locale-attribute=en
Puzzuoli, Italy	Various public baths	Bathing, Beauty and Christianity in the Middle Ages, by Elizabeth Archibald
Q.
R.
Randers, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Rattenberg, Austria	1 public bathhouse	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Ravensburg, Germany	Archaeological traces of 13th century bathhouse	https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/swbhbf/article/view/25805
Regensburg, Germany	10 bathing houses mentioned in the 14th century	Regensburger Beinamen des 12. bis 14. Jahrhunderts. Beinamen aus Berufs-, Amts- und Standesbezeichungen, Bayreuther Beiträge zur Dialektologie VI (Hamburg, 1990), page 162.
Ribe, Denmark	Bathhouse bought by the town in 1403	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Rome, Italy	Bathhouse at Crypta Balbi, from 11th to 14th century	The Archaeology of Medieval Europe, Vol. 2: Twelfth to sixteenth centuries by Martin Carver and Jan Klápště
Rostock, Germany	Badstüberstraße, street named after bathhouse attendants, established in 1271.	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badst%C3%BCberstra%C3%9Fe_(Rostock)
Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany	Bath built after hot spring appeared, circa 1400.	https://www.wildbad.de/en/hotel/history.html
S.
Salerno, Italy	Baths mentioned	Bathing, Beauty and Christianity in the Middle Ages, by Elizabeth Archibald
Schelklingen, Germany	Bathhouse mentioned in 1356	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badehaus_%28Schelklingen%29
Schwäbisch Hall, Germany	4 public bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Slagelse, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Soest, Germany	Urban bathing house mentioned in 12th century town laws	Wilhelm Gail, ‘Die Rechtsverfassung der öffentlichen Badstuben’, LL.D.diss. (University of Bonn, 1940), p23.
Söderköping, Sweden	Bathhouses & bathing cabins in river mentioned	https://www.soderkoping.se/kultur-fritid/soderkopings-historia/fran-forntid-till-nutid/medeltid/
Speyer, Germany	9 public baths in the 14th century	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Stralsund, Germany	Badstüberstraße (bath house attendant street) named founded, 12th century	https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badst%C3%BCberstra%C3%9Fe_(Stralsund)
Sterzing, Italy	Public baths were present here in the 14th century	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Stockholm, Sweden	Large number of “bathing huts”. Annuity from a bathhouse was sold in 1409	Om bad och badstugor i äldre tid, by Lizzie Carlsson
Store Heddinge, Denmark	Income from public bath mentioned in a 1261 will	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Strasbourg, France	14 bathhouses	Baden und Badewesen im Mittelalter, by Susanne Arnold
Svendborg, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
T.
Tallinn, Estonia	Mention of a fight in a bathouse, 1225. Bathhouse ceded to the city in 1391 on condition of free entry for the poor every Thursday.	Het middeleeuwse openbare badhuis, by Fabiola van Dam New data on the fortification of the tõnismäe-side part of the tallinn city wall, by Küllike Kaplinski
Thessaloniki, Greece	Byzantine bath, in use from 12th/13th century till 1940.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Bath_(Thessaloniki)
Tommarp, Sweden	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Toulouse, France	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Trelleborg, Sweden	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Turku, Finland	Stone bathhouse mentioned in will, 1372	https://df.narc.fi/document/3511?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp
U.
Ulm, Germany	11 bathhouses in the 15th century	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Utrecht, Netherlands	Numerous bathhouses/stews	Community, Urban Health and Environment in the Late Medieval Low Countries, by Janna Coomans
V.
Valencia, Spain	Public bath constructed between 1313 and 1320	https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%B1os_del_Almirante
Viborg, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Vienna, Austria	21 bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Volkach, Germany	Built in 1450	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badhaus_(Volkach)
Vordingborg, Denmark	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
W.
Wangen im Allgäu, Germany	Archaeological evidence of early 15th century bathhouse	https://amv-wangen.de/museum-in-der-badstube-2/
Wendelstein, Germany	Bathhouse ca 1450	https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badhaus_Wendelstein
Wimpfen, Germany	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Winterthur, Switzerland	Unknown number of bathhouses	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
Würzburg, Germany	8 bathhouses in the 15th century	Im städtischen Bad vor 500 Jahren, by Robert Büchner
X.
Y.
Ystad, Sweden	Market towns in which at least one medieval bathhouse based on streetnames/placenames	Badstuer i middelalderen by Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Z.